城市抗震防灾场地小区划管理系统开发研究

介绍场地小区划管理系统的基本结构和开发。利用数据库管理系统和实用软件能够解决数据库管理、数据分析、数据查询、图形显示等功能。通过在河南省的某城市的实际应用表明，该系统对于城市抗震防灾规划的研究工作和城市工程地质的管理工作中，都提供了一个较好的辅助工作手段。     

Impacts of Camping on Vegetation: Response and Recovery Following Acute and Chronic Disturbance

Experiments with controlled levels of recreational camping were conducted on previously undisturbed sites in two different plant communities in the subalpine zone of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA. The plant communities were coniferous forest with understory dominated by the low shrub Vaccinium scoparium and a riparian meadow of intermixed grasses and forbs, of which Deschampsia cespitosa was most abundant. Sites were camped on at intensities of either one or four nights per year, for either one (acute disturbance) or three consecutive years (chronic disturbance). Recovery was followed for three years on sites camped on for one year and for one year on sites camped on for three years. Reductions in vegetation cover and vegetation height were much more pronounced on sites in the forest than on sites in the meadow. In both plant communities, increases in vegetation impact were not proportional to increases in either years of camping or nights per year of camping. Close to the center of campsites, near-maximum levels of impact occurred after the first year of camping on forested sites and after the second year on meadow sites. Meadow sites recovered completely within a year, at the camping intensities employed in the experiments. Forest sites, even those camped on for just one night, did not recover completely within three years. Differences between acute and chronic disturbance were not pronounced.     

淡色库蚊二氯苯醚菊酯水解酶研究

本实验比较了对拟除虫菊酯抗性和敏感淡色库蚊幼虫的二氯苯醚菊酯水解酶的活力和性质,结果表明:(1)无论抗性和敏感品系都专一性地水解反式二氯苯醚菊酯,而对顺式异构体不降解。(2)酶活力主要集中在无细胞器结构的细胞浆内。(3)拟除虫菊酯抗性淡色库蚊的二氯苯醚菊酯水解活力比敏感品系大约一倍。(4)抗性和敏感品系二氯苯醚菊酯水解酶的米氏常数、最适反应pH、最适反应温度相近,但最大反应速度则抗性比敏感品系大2.3倍。这表明抗性的产生主要由于酶量的增加,而不是酶系发生变化。     

微生物酸化的生产应用研究

分析了折流式酸化池在抗生素废水处理工程中的运行效果和水质变化对酸化作用的影响。实践证明经微生物酸化 ,CODCr去除率达到 1 4%～ 1 9% ,出水VFA增量达 2 .0倍以上。     

Co-occurrence of genes for antibiotic resistance and arsenic biotransformation in paddy soils

Paddy soils are potential hotspots of combined contamination with arsenic (As) and antibiotics, which may induce co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and As biotransformation genes (ABGs), resulting in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and modification in As biogeochemical cycling. So far, little information is available for these co-selection processes and specific patterns between ABGs and ARGs in paddy soils. Here, the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR and network analysis were employed to investigate the dynamic response of ABGs and ARGs to As stress and manure application. The results showed that As stress increased the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), resulting in dissemination risk of antimicrobial resistance. Manure amendment increased the abundance of ABGs, enhanced As mobilization and methylation in paddy soil, posing risk to food safety. The frequency of the co-occurrence between ABGs and ARGs, the host bacteria carrying both ARGs and ABGs were increased by As or manure treatment, and remarkably boosted in soils amended with both As and manure. Multidrug resistance genes were found to have the preference to be co-selected with ABGs, which was one of the dominant co-occurring ARGs in all treatments, and manure amendment increased the frequency of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B resistance (MLSB) to co-occur with ABGs. Bacillus and Clostridium of Firmicutes are the dominant host bacteria carrying both ABGs and ARGs in paddy soils. This study would extend our understanding on the co-selection between genes for antibiotics and metals, also unveil the hidden environmental effects of combined pollution.     

实验室模拟海洋环境下印制电路板腐蚀损伤行为

目的 研究实验室模拟海洋环境下,机载设备舱内印制电路板的腐蚀损伤行为和规律.方法 基于实测的某型机机载设备舱海洋环境数据,编制加速腐蚀试验环境谱,针对化学镀镍金印制电路板开展加速腐蚀试验;以宏微观腐蚀形貌、导通电阻以及绝缘电阻等为腐蚀表征行为参数,分析实验室模拟海洋环境下印制电路板腐蚀损伤演变的一般规律.结果 实验室模拟海洋环境下,印制电路板腐蚀首先从元器件引脚、通孔等区域诱发,腐蚀现象严重,严重影响导通电阻和绝缘电阻等电气性能的稳定性.加速腐蚀历程中,印制电路板的导通电阻不断增大,绝缘电阻的阻值不断降低.第6周期,绝缘电阻降低了一个数量级.第14周期,导通电阻的阻值增加了4.32～6.72 m?;绝缘电阻降至0.55～0.78 G?,降低了两个数量级,基本丧失绝缘性能.结论 实验室模拟海洋环境下,印制电路板腐蚀损伤历程可以分为表面镀层腐蚀、基底金属腐蚀发生与扩展、元器件芯腔内腐蚀失效3个阶段.     

害虫抗性杂合子死亡率对抗性进化的影响

通过计算机模拟,研究了在R基因频率和种群大小的三种不同组合情况下,害虫抗性杂合于在用药或不用药时对抗性进化的影响.模拟结果表明,1)在任何组合中不用药时R基因的衰退是一个缓慢的过程,除非(RR)和(RS)遗传型的生物适合度很低.若R基因的显性越高,生物适合度越低,则抗性基因衰退越快.2)用杀死全部或绝大多数杂合子的剂量,并有少量敏感个体迁入时,抗性可被控制.但抗性一旦很明显,则此策略不再有效.     

高温厌氧处理后炼厂浮选渣过滤性能的研究

本文考察了高温厌氧消化处理炼油厂浮选的过滤脱水效果，得出在污泥停留时间为１０天的条件下，厌氧过程能较好地进行；高温消化后的污泥过滤脱水性能有较大的改善；过滤后的滤饼含水率明显降低，由新鲜浮渣的９１％可降到５７％。     

矿物纤维粉尘的环境健康效应研究

研究者运用表面化学，电化学和细胞培养等生化方法，以及IR，XRF，UV等谱学和电子微束手段，通过对主要6类不同形态矿物粉尘的特征，表面官能团和活性位分析以及电化学，溶解，毒性研究等，提出了表面介体的概念并初步验证了它的存在，从表面官能团，表面综合性状探讨了矿物纤维材料的表面化学活性一生物活性－生物持久性－生物毒性－环境安全性；提出界／膜体系来研究矿物生产生物毒性的过程和所依存的条件；对矿物粉尘在Gamble溶液，血清与生物大分子，人体有机酸，氨基酸，维生素中以及动物体内行为的研究，进一步阐明了在氨基酸／蛋白质／功能膜以及含有外露蛋白质的其它有机体单元中粉尘的溶解，反应，络合与破坏，粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留，溶解，运移方式，选择性吸附体液中的脂－醇类物质，红细胞及其残片，粉尘与体内物质交换及免疫细胞的相互作用过程，提供了降低粉尘毒性的处理方式。     

高效复合降解工程菌处理抗生素废水的研究

本文采用固体发酵培养研制的高效复合菌处理生物制药抗生素废水 ,通过降解温度、pH值、菌剂用量等进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明 ,在选定的条件下活菌数可达到 9× 1 0 8个 /g。在治理抗生素废水研究中取得了最优工艺条件 ,为废水治理工业化提供了有价值的参数。